Personnel management
Personnel in geographic information system application project
In the process of organization and construction of GIS application projects, whether independently developed by application departments or by specialized independent software developers, the personnel involved can be divided into the following categories according to their roles：
Project managers
Project managers are responsible for the whole project, also known as project managers. Before the implementation of the project, project managers participate in the formulation of work plans. In the process of project development, the progress and expenditure of the project should be monitored and managed. When the schedule is lagging behind or the cost exceeds the budget, project managers should find out the reasons and propose solutions。
In practice, one or more project managers can be set up and take charge of different aspects, according to the scale of the project and the way of development organization (cooperative development or separate development). Project managers should be familiar with project objectives and related technologies, and have certain management capabilities. In the cooperative project development, one person from each side is usually the project manager to coordinate the work。
System developers
The proportion of system developers in the development of application projects should be the largest. According to the development activities, it can be divided into system analysts, designers, programmers, testers and system maintenance personnel. At the same time, according to the specific technical content of the project, it can be divided into several technical topics, each of which corresponds to one or more developers。
Generally speaking, system analysts, designers and programmers should not overlap, but in the actual process, due to the lack of human resources, the lack of a good implementation of software engineering, analysis and design documents are not perfect, resulting in communication difficulties. Generally, people are grouped according to technical topics, and each group completes the needs analysis, design and implementation of the topic. When the scale of the project is small, this personnel organization can be used to improve flexibility。
Data entry and processing personnel
Data plays a very important role in GIS application projects. A GIS project often needs a lot of data. When developing software, it needs to organize data input and processing. There is no special technical requirement for data entry and processing. The general staff can be competent for the work after simple training. In the course of the project, the following factors need to be considered：
Data entry and processing is a rather tedious and tedious task, which requires the staff to be conscientious and responsible. At the same time, appropriate incentives should be taken to ensure the smooth progress of the work；
In the process of data input and processing, special technicians are needed to carry out quality checks to avoid that the data accuracy can not meet the requirements of the final project；
If the software to be developed includes the function of data entry, if the software is completed before data entry, it may cause a delay in the construction period, so we can consider using other software for data entry and processing, and then data is conversed。
Development support personnel
Development support personnel should ensure the smooth progress of the whole development process, including the maintenance of development tools, network management and so on. If the project is large, it needs to configure managers to ensure that collaborative development does not cause confusion。
Domain expert
Because many GIS application projects correspond to professional requirements, domain experts are required to participate in the development process in order to realize their theory and experience in computer systems。
User
Users are not directly involved in the development process, but they are the end users of the system. Before developing a system, it is necessary to obtain requirements from users. During the development process, the completed prototype system is generally evaluated by users。
Other support staff
Including support personnel who do not directly participate in the project, such as financial personnel, document managers and so on, they play an important role in the normal operation of the project。
Understanding the needs of personnel-the foundation of management
In the process of the project, it is necessary to make proper arrangements for all kinds of personnel who participate in the project. for human management, project managers are required to understand the personality characteristics of each executive, so as to understand their needs and find the factors that mobilize their positivity. and actively meet their needs. In the field of information technology, the enthusiasm of employees directly affects the efficiency and quality of work. Therefore, in the organization and management of GIS projects, it is particularly important for project managers to mobilize their enthusiasm.
It is generally believed that job-related demand factors include：
The amount of salary or bonus；
Positions and responsibilities within the organization；
Interpersonal relationship；
Challenge of the work；
The degree of recognition of individuals；
Degree of freedom that they possess；
The degree of enjoyment of various benefits, such as medical insurance, holidays, etc；
Material aspects, including office conditions and so on。
Different types of people also have different requirements for their needs, such as working personnel expect better salaries, titles, office conditions, while career personnel pay more attention to the challenges of work, scope of responsibility, personal development and other aspects. In addition, the personality of people also determines the cooperation mode between them and their most suitable position in the organization. Different personalities can be reasonably arranged together to form a harmonious working environment to ensure the smooth completion of the project。
In the work, the high income is the most basic needs of the staff. In other words, improving salary is the main incentive for managers. However, economists believe that the supply of labor is a “backward turning” curve (Fig. 15-8)。
Figure 15-8: Labor supply curve
The main reason for this phenomenon is that when the employee’s salary reaches a certain level, with the increase of income, he pursues more leisure and reduces working hours. For project managers, understanding the characteristics of labor supply can provide more flexible incentives, such as for developers, a challenging job can often stimulate their enthusiasm。
Organization and management of personnel
In addition to determining the division of labor according to the specific situation of each staff member, project managers can use the following management methods to help improve the productivity of the organization：
Contents of the work: Assurance of appropriate assignments to employees is based on their technical and personality characteristics. In addition, it is generally necessary to give more workload, so that each staff member always has enough work to do。
Arrangement of work: Arrange the whole task at regular intervals according to the time required by the project。
Communication: Communication can help managers understand the specific progress of the project and the technical difficulties encountered with technicians, and also enable technicians to grasp the specific requirements of the technology, time and quality of the whole project。
Review of project background and development requirements: It is easy for technicians to understand the specific position of their work in the whole project and enhance their sense of achievement by introducing a more comprehensive project to technicians, including background, participating groups, schedule and so on。
Level: Use excellent talents in key positions。
New technology: Pay attention to the development of new technology, pay attention to technological innovation and ensure that technicians master new technology through organizing technical training。
Meeting: Appropriately organize meetings at different levels and scales. Before the meeting, the organizer should make clear the theme and purpose of the meeting, so as to prepare the participants。
Means of communication: E-mail is a better means of information exchange. It can be used as a historical file to be preserved。
In the development and application of information technology, personnel management is the most important part of enterprise management. For GIS application projects, due to the technical personnel involved in various fields, more effective personnel organization and management are needed。