The Impact of Meteorological Disasters on Agricultural Production

1, the impact of drought on agricultural production

(1) the emergence of autumn and winter in South China drought, winter crop growth and development are affected

The precipitation in winter in most regions of South China was lower than that in the same period of last year, which caused serious winter and autumn drought in the southern part of Guangxi, most parts of Guangdong and southern Fujian. The growth and development of winter crops were adversely affected.

(2) Most of northern China and Yunnan were heavier in spring drought, and grain yield and spring sowing in summer were greatly affected. In March and April, precipitation in North China, Huanghuai, eastern part of Northwest China and Yunnan was less than 50mm, Drought in Hebei and Yunnan is the most serious, drought not only on summer harvest wheat, rapeseed production formation caused some influence, but also to the spring sowing blocked.

(3) Since the end of May, precipitation in the eastern part of Northwest China, the middle and western Inner Mongolia, southern Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan and the southwestern regions of eastern China were generally less than normal in the same period of last year. Especially in mid-June, the precipitation in most of the above-average 5-8% above normal, coupled with high temperatures, resulting in excessive soil moisture loss, drought or development, of which Hubei, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Henan , Anhui, Inner Mongolia and other parts of the drought is more serious. In late June, although there was a significant precipitation process in the arid areas, due to the uneven distribution of precipitation, to the end of the month, Gansu, Ningxia, Hubei, Anhui, Chongqing and other parts of the region is still heavy drought.

2, chilling injury, frost damage, snow damage on the impact of agricultural production

(1) In the early winter of most parts of the eastern part of China's strong cooling, winter crops suffered different degrees of frost damage in early winter, most of the eastern region of China, significant cooling and windy weather, most of the northern winter wheat without adequate winter training and winter ahead of winter , The early-sowing wheat in North China and the late-sowing wheat seedlings in Huanghuai area suffered frost damage. The growth and development of some winter wheat and rape in Jiangnan and Sichuan were also affected.

(2) the strong cooling in spring to some areas suffer from cold damage, frost damage and snow damage

This spring, more active in the cold air, mid-March, mid-April in most areas of the country there have been two large-scale strong cooling weather, cooling rates in some areas up to 15 ~ 20 ℃, which in April also strong northwest and north - And winter frost occurred. Because of the strong cooling, the winter wheat had entered the jointing stage in most areas of North China. The cold resistance was weakened, and the process of cooling was unfavorable to the spike differentiation of winter wheat, which affected the seed setting rate. Most of the area south of the Yangtze River was affected by cold air, the extreme minimum temperature dropped to below 10 ℃, and even down to 5 ℃ in some areas, the rape in flowering stage was affected by chilling injury, and the podding phenomenon appeared; In some areas there stiff seedling phenomenon. In addition, in mid-April, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Tibet and other provinces of some counties (cities, districts) down to Blizzard, part of the farmland was covered with snow, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other joint wheat has been snow Fold and cause cut.

3, strong winds, hail, heavy rain, typhoons and other strong convective weather on agricultural production

(1) Southern part of the heavy rain and thunderstorms, hail and other severe convective weather

In late April, most of the area south of the Yangtze River was exposed to heavy thunderstorms, hail, heavy rain and heavy rain in parts of southern China and eastern part of South China. Due to heavy rainfall and hail, the winter wheat stems Rod breakage, rape lodging, sticks damaged, flower pod shedding, production dropped significantly, while part of the early rice seedlings were flooded destroyed. From May to mid-June, the rainstorm occurred frequently in most parts of southern China, and severe rainstorms occurred in parts of Jiangnan, South China and the south-west of the southwest. Early rice was submerged and rotten Seedling, dead seedlings serious, is not conducive to mature winter wheat, rape timely income. In addition, the northern part of the region in June there thunderstorms, hail and other local strong convective weather, Hebei, Shaanxi, Jilin, Shandong and other provinces affected crops heavier.

(2) typhoon intensity, heavy impact

The typhoon "Pearl" landed in the east of Guangdong on the morning of May 18, and affected a large area of ​​crops in Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. The loss of agricultural production was serious. On June 29, the tropical depression "Gela Wah" landed in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. Hainan and Guangdong provinces experienced medium to heavy rain, and local heavy rain or heavy rain appeared. Although the precipitation caused by the "Jelawar" to alleviate the drought in Hainan, Leizhou Peninsula and to disperse the South China for several days of high temperature weather are very favorable, but the heavy rainfall also has a negative impact on agricultural production.

4, a large range of persistent hot weather in central and eastern China

Most of the central and eastern parts of China in June the highest temperature ≥ 35 ℃ high temperature weather, including north central and southern, Huanghuai Midwest, Jianghuai Midwest, Jianghan, Jiangnan Midwest, northeast of southwest, southeast Xinjiang and other places have 3 ~ 10 days, in some areas more than 10 days. Clear and hot weather led to drought in parts of the development of summer and spring sowing crop growth and development are affected.

Source: Atlas of China's Natural Disaster System