1. C# tutorial

  • Exceptions are problems that occur during program execution. An exception inC # is a response to a special situation t...
    2023-10-12 23:00:06 UTC
  • A file is a collection of data stored on disk with a specified name and directory path. When a file is opened for read...
    2023-10-12 23:00:05 UTC
  • StreamReader and StreamWriter class is used for data reading and writ...
    2023-10-12 23:00:08 UTC
  • BinaryReader and BinaryWriter class is used to read and write binary ...
    2023-10-12 23:00:06 UTC
  • C# allows you to manipulate directories and files using classes related to various directories and files, such as ...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
  • An Attribute is a declarative tag used to pass behavior information about various elements in a program, such as class...
    2023-10-12 23:00:05 UTC
  • Reflection is the ability of a program to access, detect, and modify its ownstate or behavior. Assemblies con...
    2023-10-12 23:00:08 UTC
  • Properties are named members of classes, structures and interfaces. A member variable or method in a class or structur...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
  • The Indexer allows an object to be accessed in the same way as an array using a subscript. When you define an...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
  • A Delegate in C# is similar to a pointer to a function in C or C++. A Delegate is a reference type variable that holds...
    2023-10-12 23:00:05 UTC
  • An Event is basically a user action, such as keystrokes, clicks, mouse movements, etc., or prompts, such as system-gen...
    2023-10-12 23:00:08 UTC
  • The Collection class is a class dedicated to data storage and retrieval. These classes provide support for stack, queu...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
  • A dynamic arrayList represents an ordered collection of objects thatcan be indexed separately. It can basically replac...
    2023-10-12 23:00:08 UTC
  • The Hashtable class represents a series of key/value pairs organized by key-based hash code. It uses keys to access el...
    2023-10-12 23:00:06 UTC
  • The SortedList class represents a series of key/value pairs sorted by key,which can be accessed by key and index. ...
    2023-10-12 23:00:05 UTC
  • The Stack represents a collection of last-in, first-out objects. Use the stack when you need last-in-first-out access ...
    2023-10-12 23:00:05 UTC
  • A queue represents a collection of first-in, first-out objects. Queues are used when you need first-in, first-out acce...
    2023-10-12 23:00:06 UTC
  • BitArray class manages a compact array of bit values, represented by Boolean values, where ...
    2023-10-12 23:00:08 UTC
  • Generic allows you to delay writing specifications for the data types of programming elements in a class or method unt...
    2023-10-12 23:00:05 UTC
  • We have already mentioned that delegates are used to reference methods that have the same label as them. In other word...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
  • When a code block is marked with the unsafe modifier,C# allows the use of pointer variables ...
    2023-10-12 23:00:06 UTC
  • A thread is defined as the execution path of the program. Each thread defines a unique control flow. If your applicati...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC

Principles, Technologies, and Methods of Geographic Information Systems  102

In recent years, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have undergone rapid development in both theoretical and practical dimensions. GIS has been widely applied for modeling and decision-making support across various fields such as urban management, regional planning, and environmental remediation, establishing geographic information as a vital component of the information era. The introduction of the “Digital Earth” concept has further accelerated the advancement of GIS, which serves as its technical foundation. Concurrently, scholars have been dedicated to theoretical research in areas like spatial cognition, spatial data uncertainty, and the formalization of spatial relationships. This reflects the dual nature of GIS as both an applied technology and an academic discipline, with the two aspects forming a mutually reinforcing cycle of progress.