Start and shut down the MySQL server ¶

cd c:/mysql/bin
mysqld --console

cd c:/mysql/bin
mysqladmin -uroot shutdown

ps -ef | grep mysqld

root@host# cd /usr/bin
./mysqld_safe &

root@host# cd /usr/bin
./mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
Enter password: ******

MySQL user Settings ¶

If you need to add MySQL users, you only need to add new users in the user table in the mysql database.

The following is an instance of adding a user with a user name of guest and a password of guest123, and the user is authorized to operate SELECT, INSERT and UPDATE:

root@host# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:*******
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed

mysql> INSERT INTO user
          (host, user, password,
           select_priv, insert_priv, update_priv)
           VALUES ('localhost', 'guest',
           PASSWORD('guest123'), 'Y', 'Y', 'Y');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.20 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT host, user, password FROM user WHERE user = 'guest';
+-----------+---------+------------------+
| host      | user    | password         |
+-----------+---------+------------------+
| localhost | guest | 6f8c114b58f2ce9e |
+-----------+---------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

When adding users, be careful to use the PASSWORD () function provided by MySQL to encrypt the password. You can see in the above example that the encrypted user password is: 6f8c114b58f2ce9e.

注意： In MySQL5.7, the password of the user table has been changed to authentication_string .

注意： The password () encryption function has been removed in 8.0.11 and can be replaced by the MD5 () function.

注意： Pay attention to the need to execute FLUSH PRIVILEGES Statement. After this command is executed, the authorization table is reloaded.

If you do not use this command, you will not be able to use the newly created user to connect to the mysql server unless you restart the mysql server.

When you create a user, you can specify permissions for the user. In the corresponding permission column, set it to’Y’ in the insert statement. The list of user permissions is as follows:

• Select_priv

• Insert_priv

• Update_priv

• Delete_priv

• Create_priv

• Drop_priv

• Reload_priv

• Shutdown_priv

• Process_priv

• File_priv

• Grant_priv

• References_priv

• Index_priv

• Alter_priv

Another way to add a user is through the SQL GRANT command, which adds the user zara to the specified database TUTORIALS with a password of zara123.

root@host# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:*******
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed

mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP
    -> ON TUTORIALS.*
    -> TO 'zara'@'localhost'
    -> IDENTIFIED BY 'zara123';

The above command creates a user information record in the user table in the mysql database.

注意: The SQL statement of MySQL ends with a semicolon (;).

/ etc/my.cnf file configuration ¶

In general, you do not need to modify the configuration file, which is configured by default as follows:

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/var/lib

[safe_mysqld]
err-log=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

In the configuration file, you can specify different directories where the error log files are stored, and you generally do not need to change these configurations.

Commands for managing MySQL ¶

The following is a list of commands commonly used in working with the Mysql database:

• USE 数据库名 :

  Select the Mysql database you want to operate on, and after using this command, all Mysql commands are directed only to that database.

  mysql> use RUNOOB;
  Database changed
  

• SHOW DATABASES:

  Lists the databases for the MySQL database management system.

  mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
  +--------------------+
  | Database           |
  +--------------------+
  | information_schema |
  | RUNOOB             |
  | cdcol              |
  | mysql              |
  | onethink           |
  | performance_schema |
  | phpmyadmin         |
  | test               |
  | wecenter           |
  | wordpress          |
  +--------------------+
  10 rows in set (0.02 sec)
  

• SHOW TABLES:

  Displays all tables for the specified database, and you need to use the use command to select the database to operate on before using this command.

  mysql> use RUNOOB;
  Database changed
  mysql> SHOW TABLES;
  +------------------+
  | Tables_in_runoob |
  +------------------+
  | employee_tbl     |
  | runoob_tbl       |
  | tcount_tbl       |
  +------------------+
  3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  

• SHOW COLUMNS FROM 数据表:

  Displays the properties of the data table, attribute type, primary key information, whether it is NULL, default value and other information.

  mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM runoob_tbl;
  +-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  | Field           | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  +-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  | runoob_id       | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
  | runoob_title    | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
  | runoob_author   | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
  | submission_date | date         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
  +-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  

• SHOW INDEX FROM 数据表:

  Displays detailed index information for the data table, including PRIMARY KEY (primary key).

  mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM runoob_tbl;
  +------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
  | Table      | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
  +------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
  | runoob_tbl |          0 | PRIMARY  |            1 | runoob_id   | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
  +------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  

• SHOW TABLE STATUS [FROM db_name] [LIKE ‘pattern’] \G:

  This command outputs the performance and statistics of the Mysql database management system.

  mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS  FROM RUNOOB;   # 显示数据库 RUNOOB 中所有表的信息
  
  mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS from RUNOOB LIKE 'runoob%';     # 表名以runoob开头的表的信息
  mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS from RUNOOB LIKE 'runoob%'\G;   # 加上 \G，查询结果按列打印
  

The Gif diagram shows: