4.2.20. MySQL GROUP BY statement

GROUP BY syntax ¶

SELECT column_name, function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name;

Example demonstration ¶

The example of this chapter uses the following table structure and data. We can import the following data into the database before using it.

SET NAMES utf8;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `employee_tbl`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employee_tbl`;
CREATE TABLE `employee_tbl` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` char(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `date` datetime NOT NULL,
  `signin` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '登录次数',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `employee_tbl`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `employee_tbl` VALUES ('1', '小明', '2016-04-22 15:25:33', '1'), ('2', '小王', '2016-04-20 15:25:47', '3'), ('3', '小丽', '2016-04-19 15:26:02', '2'), ('4', '小王', '2016-04-07 15:26:14', '4'), ('5', '小明', '2016-04-11 15:26:40', '4'), ('6', '小明', '2016-04-04 15:26:54', '2');
COMMIT;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

After the import is successful, execute the following SQL statement:

mysql> set names utf8;
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee_tbl;
+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
| id | name   | date                | signin |
+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
|  1 | 小明 | 2016-04-22 15:25:33 |      1 |
|  2 | 小王 | 2016-04-20 15:25:47 |      3 |
|  3 | 小丽 | 2016-04-19 15:26:02 |      2 |
|  4 | 小王 | 2016-04-07 15:26:14 |      4 |
|  5 | 小明 | 2016-04-11 15:26:40 |      4 |
|  6 | 小明 | 2016-04-04 15:26:54 |      2 |
+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Next, we use the GROUP BY statement to group the data tables by name and count how many records each person has:

mysql> SELECT name, COUNT(*) FROM   employee_tbl GROUP BY name;
+--------+----------+
| name   | COUNT(*) |
+--------+----------+
| 小丽 |        1 |
| 小明 |        3 |
| 小王 |        2 |
+--------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

Use WITH ROLLUP ¶

WITH ROLLUP can realize the same statistics on the basis of grouped statistics (SUM,AVG,COUNT. ).

For example, we group the above data tables by name, and then count the number of logins for each person:

mysql> SELECT name, SUM(signin) as signin_count FROM  employee_tbl GROUP BY name WITH ROLLUP;
+--------+--------------+
| name   | signin_count |
+--------+--------------+
| 小丽 |            2 |
| 小明 |            7 |
| 小王 |            7 |
| NULL   |           16 |
+--------+--------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Where the record NULL represents the number of logins for everyone.

We can use coalesce to set a name that can replace NUll, coalesce syntax:

select coalesce(a,b,c);

Parameter description: select b if a==null, c if b==null, an if a b c is null, and null if both a b c are null.

In the following example, if the name is empty, we use the total instead:

mysql> SELECT coalesce(name, '总数'), SUM(signin) as signin_count FROM  employee_tbl GROUP BY name WITH ROLLUP;
+--------------------------+--------------+
| coalesce(name, '总数') | signin_count |
+--------------------------+--------------+
| 小丽                   |            2 |
| 小明                   |            7 |
| 小王                   |            7 |
| 总数                   |           16 |
+--------------------------+--------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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