4.16. Other W3C activities

Release time : 2023-12-22 23:00:03 UTC      

This section provides an overview of other important and interesting W3C activities.

4.16.1. The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)

WAI defines guidelines on how to make Web content easier for people with disabilities.

WAI works towards the goal of “Web accessibility for all” through technology, guidelines, tools, education, research, and development projects.

W3C WAI recommendation

4.16.2. Mathematical markup language-Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)

MathML is an XML standard for describing mathematical symbols.

The goal of MathML is to enable mathematics to be provided, accepted, and processed on Web, just as HTML can enable text to achieve.

W3C MathML recommendation

4.16.3. Scalable vector graphics-Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)

SVG is a language used to describe two-bit graphics in XML.

SVG runs three types of graphic objects: vector graphics shapes, images, andtext.

Property settings include transformations, crop paths, alpha masks, filter effects, template objects, and extensibility.

W3C SVG 1.1 recommendation

W3C SVG 1.2 working draft

4.16.4. Ink markup language-Ink Markup Language (InkML)

InkML is a XML data format used to express digital ink data, which is input through an electronic pen or input pen that is part of a multi-channel system.

W3C InkML working draft

4.16.5. Internationalization-Internationalization

The goal of the W3C internationalization campaign is to recommend and adapt any technologies, agreements, guidelines, and activities within the W3C and with other organizations to make it easier to use W3C technologies globally in different languages, scripts, and cultures.

W3C internationalization activities

4.16.6. Voice browser activity

The work of the W3C Voice browser activity is to expand the scope of Web by enabling people to interact with spoken instructions and speech synthesis.

Voice Extensible markup language (VoiceXML)

Speech synthesis markup language (VoiceXML)

Speech recognition grammar specification

Voice browser call Control (CCXML)

Principles, Technologies, and Methods of Geographic Information Systems  102

In recent years, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have undergone rapid development in both theoretical and practical dimensions. GIS has been widely applied for modeling and decision-making support across various fields such as urban management, regional planning, and environmental remediation, establishing geographic information as a vital component of the information era. The introduction of the “Digital Earth” concept has further accelerated the advancement of GIS, which serves as its technical foundation. Concurrently, scholars have been dedicated to theoretical research in areas like spatial cognition, spatial data uncertainty, and the formalization of spatial relationships. This reflects the dual nature of GIS as both an applied technology and an academic discipline, with the two aspects forming a mutually reinforcing cycle of progress.