1.Brief introduction of application of UAV remote sensing technology in geological hazard monitoring

1.1 Background and significance of application of UAV remote sensing technology in geological hazard monitoring

Geological disasters include meteorological disasters, environmental geological disasters, etc. Once geological disasters occur, they will directly or indirectly endanger human security and cause significant losses to social and economic construction. China is a country with high frequency of geological disasters, so it is particularly important to monitor geological environmental disasters. The traditional monitoring method is mainly aerial photography, which is inefficient, time-consuming, with low spatial resolution and unsatisfactory monitoring effect. However, UAV remote sensing technology can be applied to the monitoring of geological environmental disasters due to its high image resolution, high accuracy, long timeliness and other characteristics. With the increasing development of science and technology, the UAV remote sensing technology is also strengthening, and has played a huge role in the monitoring of geological environmental disasters, greatly improving the level of monitoring.

1.2 Principles of application of UAV remote sensing technology in geological environmental disaster monitoring

UAV remote sensing technology uses advanced unmanned aerial vehicle technology, remote sensing sensing technology, remote sensing and telecontrol technology to achieve automation and intelligence, quickly obtain information on resources and environmental conditions, and complete data processing and application analysis. In geological environmental disaster monitoring, the following principles are mainly followed: First, the image taken should be clear. The images taken by UAV in the development of geological disasters must be clear, and the pollution source, pollution mouth or visible floating objects can be visually identified. The environment of geological disasters should be evaluated to provide a basis for monitoring. If the image taken is not clear enough, it is easy to ignore the environmental conditions and can not effectively identify pollutants or floating objects, which will hinder the monitoring of geological disasters. Second, the spatial diversity of aerial images. The range of geological disasters is uncontrollable. The application of UAV remote sensing technology should achieve high space and wide range monitoring through different aerial photography heights, and also give consideration to low space and small range accurate monitoring to overcome various geological heights.

1.3 Changes and innovations in the application of UAV remote sensing technology in geological environmental disaster monitoring

One is the change of image effect. UAV remote sensing technology improves the effect of traditional aerial images. In actual work, UAV remote sensing technology uses UAV as the main carrier, and carries cameras and sensing equipment as the auxiliary. UAV remote sensing technology can quickly and accurately complete the search in a small area, and high-precision high-altitude work, which is better than traditional aerial photography. Second, the processing technology is better and the authenticity is higher. Compared with traditional aerial photography technology, UAV remote sensing technology is more efficient in processing data and information, with higher resolution, more accurate space, and longer timeliness. It is better than traditional aerial photography technology in processing some details and image matching and correction.

2. Main problems in the application of UAV remote sensing technology in geological disaster monitoring

2.1 High cost of UAV remote sensing aerial photography

UAV remote sensing technology is an emerging industry. The UAV market in China is not very mature. Many people do not know about UAVs and their application. The market has limitations, and the cost of UAV production is generally high, which leads to the high cost of UAV aerial photography. Because of the high cost of aerial photography, UAV remote sensing technology will not be the first consideration. UAV remote sensing technology is rarely used, which will inhibit the development of UAV remote sensing technology.

2.2 The harsh environment at the geological disaster site affects the UAV operation

The geological disaster scene environment is very bad, and the task of UAV aerial photography is arduous. Sometimes, the UAV will be damaged, and the geological disaster area will be damaged, and the poor signal will lead to the poor effect of UAV aerial photography. The transmitted image is not clear, or the direct signal interruption will occur. The geological disaster site is not controllable, so it is difficult for UAV remote sensing technology to break through the huge difficulties caused by this environmental factor.

2.3 Limitations and backwardness of UAV remote sensing technology

Although UAV remote sensing technology appeared as early as the beginning of the 20th century, due to technical constraints, the development of UAV remote sensing technology is slow. Although UAV remote sensing technology in China has been developed at a high speed in recent years, it has not been widely used. UAV remote sensing technology has not been applied in all aspects, and there are still some limitations and backwardness compared with the world development level, as a result, China's UAV remote sensing technology can not be fully developed.

3. Reform measures for the application of UAV remote sensing technology in geological disaster monitoring

3.1 Expand the market and reduce the cost of aerial photography

The market of UAV remote sensing technology in China is not large, and the manufacturer's pricing is very high, leading to the high cost of UAV aerial photography. In the future, all parties can increase their investment and energy in UAV remote sensing technology and vigorously develop UAV remote sensing technology. To expand the market of UAV remote sensing technology, UAV remote sensing technology can be used in all aspects, not only military aspects, but also environmental survey. If the cost of aerial photography cannot be reduced, people will not choose UAV remote sensing technology as the first option. Without the first generation of consumers, manufacturers will not continue to invest in the improvement of UAV remote sensing technology, which is very detrimental to the development of UAV remote sensing technology.

3.2 Invest capital and energy to improve UAV remote sensing technology

In order to improve the level of UAV remote sensing technology and let the UAV remote sensing technology give full play to its advantages in the process of monitoring geological disasters, it is necessary not only to obtain the environmental conditions in the monitoring area at the first time, but also to obtain the factors that affect the area and transmission range, which all require the progress of UAV remote sensing technology. In order to continuously promote the research progress of UAV remote sensing technology and improve the deficiencies of UAV remote sensing technology, a lot of energy and funds need to be invested. Only with sufficient funds can researchers study UAV remote sensing technology.

3.3 Cultivate all-round professionals

In addition to the UAV itself, the level of the staff operating the UAV is also very important. It is necessary to cultivate composite operators, have a real-time understanding of the geological disaster site, and master the relevant knowledge of geological disasters. It also requires operators to have a certain understanding of data processing, remote sensing technology and other related fields, to build a high-level operation team, and operators to make judgments about emergencies and make the most scientific and reasonable response measures, which requires operators to store a lot of knowledge, so UAV operators must pay attention to their own quality training, and constantly enrich their knowledge and insight.

4.Summary and prospect

UAV remote sensing technology has been a national concern in recent years. UAV remote sensing technology plays an irreplaceable role in geological disaster monitoring, providing technical support for geological disaster monitoring and adapting to the requirements of geological disaster monitoring. It plays a great role in geological disaster remote sensing monitoring, geological disaster emergency rescue, geological disaster assessment, etc. In order to achieve a smaller and more accurate sense of error in UAV aerial photography, continuous efforts are needed to continue to develop UAV remote sensing technology.