Map Introduction

The historical evolution of Ji Province and Bing Province during the Three Kingdoms period is primarily reflected in the administrative adjustments made by the Cao Wei regime:

The Merger of Ji Province and Bing Province

In the tenth year of the Jian'an era (205 AD), Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao and incorporated Ji Province into his domain. To consolidate his control, in the eighteenth year of Jian'an (213 AD), Cao Cao advised Emperor Xian of Han to merge You Province and Bing Province into Ji Province, forming a new administrative system. At this point, Ji Province became a large administrative unit encompassing the former territories of You, Bing, and Ji Provinces, with its administrative seat remaining at Ye City (modern Linzhang, Hebei).

The Changing Status of Bing Province

Bing Province was one of the Thirteen Provinces during the Eastern Han Dynasty, governing commanderies such as Taiyuan and Shangdang. Towards the end of the Eastern Han, Bing Province gradually became a contested border area, fought over by forces such as the Liang Province warlords and the Heishan Army. After the Three Kingdoms tripartite confrontation was established, Bing Province fell under the control of Cao Wei, but its administrative status significantly declined, being largely confined to the area of modern Shanxi Province.

Impact of the Administrative Adjustments

Through this restructuring, Cao Cao expanded the jurisdictional scope of Ji Province, laying the groundwork for the subsequent establishment of the Wei state. However, during the Three Kingdoms period, Bing Province served as a frontier region whose strategic importance was far lower than that of core areas like Ji Province, becoming a zone of multi-ethnic interaction and fusion.