The History Map of the huns and other department in the Western Han Dynasty

Map reference

The History Map of the huns and other department in the Western Han Dynasty

发布时间：2016-10-24 11:29:00 UTC

类别：Qin and Han Dynasties Historical Maps

Map Description

The evolution of the Xiongnu and other tribes during the Western Han Dynasty primarily underwent a transition from military confrontation to political alliance:

Phase of Military Confrontation (206–133 BCE) After Modu Chanyu unified the Mongolian Plateau, the Xiongnu's power reached its zenith, once besieging Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang, at Mount Baideng (206 BCE). In the early Western Han period, the court adopted a policy of marriage alliances, regularly providing supplies to the Xiongnu, maintaining a superficial peace between the two sides.

Phase of Strategic Counteroffensive (133–119 BCE) During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, three large-scale counteroffensives were launched: * Battle of the Henan Region (128 BCE): The Xiongnu seized the Hetao region, and Han forces counterattacked to reclaim the lost territory. * Battle of Mobei (127 BCE): Han forces struck the left flank of the Xiongnu, forcing them to retreat north of the Gobi Desert. * Battle of Mobei (119 BCE): Generals Wei Qing and Huo Qubing led deep expeditions into the northern deserts, inflicting a heavy blow on the main Xiongnu forces.

Phase of Political Alliance (Post-119 BCE) After the decline of Xiongnu power, the Western Han implemented a "Tribal Subordinate State" policy to settle Xiongnu tribes that migrated inward, forming the "Xiuchu Xiongnu" community. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu split into the Southern Xiongnu and Northern Xiongnu. The Southern Xiongnu submitted to the Han court and were settled in areas like Wuyuan and Yunzhong, serving as a border buffer. The Northern Xiongnu migrated westward to Central Asia.

Additional Context The military campaigns of the Western Han against the Xiongnu effectively contained their expansion but did not completely eliminate the threat. During the Eastern Han period, the incorporation of some Xiongnu into the administrative system through the Tribal Subordinate State policy promoted ethnic integration.

Map Source

The History Map of the huns and other department in the Western Han Dynasty is sourced from The Historical Atlas of China, Volume 2(2)—Maps of the Western Han Dynasty, published by SinoMaps Press on October 1, 1982, with Tan Qixiang as its author.

The Historical Atlas of China is an atlas focusing primarily on the historical administrative divisions and territories of China throughout its dynasties, compiled under the chief editorship of Tan Qixiang. The entire work spans from the primitive society to the end of the Qing dynasty, organized into 8 volumes and 20 sections according to historical periods, containing a total of 304 maps (not including illustrations). All maps juxtapose historical and modern geography. The compilation of this atlas began in the 1950s, it was seriously disturbed during the cultural revolution. The internal edition was published in 1975 but contained numerous errors. Publication of Volumes 1-8 occurred successively starting in 1982. The Historical Atlas of China is a rare and valuable resource for studying the historical administrative divisions of China.

Map link ： The History Map of the huns and other department in the Western Han Dynasty

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