Map Introduction

Yellow River Basin The Yellow River, known as the "Great River" in ancient China, originates from the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province. It flows through nine provincial-level regions: Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, and Shandong, before finally emptying into the Bohai Sea in Kenli County, Dongying City, Shandong Province. With a total length of 5,464 kilometers, it is the second-longest river in China, after the Yangtze River, and the fifth-longest river in the world. The drainage area of the Yellow River is 745,100 square kilometers, and the length of its main course is 4,845 kilometers.

Primitive Society (c. 1,700,000 BCE – 21st century BCE) was the first form of community established by humans after branching off from apes, representing the initial stage of human history. To date, no ethnic group in the world has been found that did not experience a primitive society. Primitive society emerged with the appearance of humans, but its dissolution varied across different regions. Humans in primitive society had very low levels of productivity, and the means of production were communally owned. As productivity improved and surplus products appeared, wealth disparity and private ownership emerged, disrupting the previous relations of collective distribution and collective labor, and eventually leading to the replacement by class-based societies.

The Neolithic Age refers to the final stage of the Stone Age in archaeology, characterized by the use of polished stone tools as a marker of human material cultural development. This term was first proposed by the British archaeologist John Lubbock in 1865. Geologically, this period falls within the Holocene epoch and developed following the Paleolithic Age, sometimes after a transitional Mesolithic Age, belonging to the later phase of the Stone Age. The Neolithic Age began approximately 10,000 years ago and ended at varying times, ranging from over 5,000 to over 2,000 years ago.

Related Maps * Late Primitive Society Banpo Site in the Yellow River Basin * Late Primitive Society Dawenkou Site in the Yellow River Basin