The dataset compiles data on grassland types in China, primarily recording codes, grassland types, grassland area (in hectares), usable grassland area (in hectares), forage yield (in kilograms per hectare), carrying capacity, and theoretical livestock carrying capacity (in heads per year) across different regions in China. This dataset was collected and organized by the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It comprises a total of 48 data files, including 47 .txt files and one E00 file. This dataset can be utilized for research in grassland resource management and sustainable grassland development, among other areas.