The China meteorological background dataset is based on meteorological data from 1,915 stations across the country. After organizing and verifying this data, an original database was established, encompassing multi-year monthly precipitation and monthly average temperature records for each station. Subsequently, using the station data as a foundation, calculations were performed to derive annual average temperature (Ta), annual average precipitation (Pa), accumulated temperature ≥0℃ (T(>0)), and accumulated temperature ≥10℃ (T(>10)). Additionally, employing the inverse distance weighted averaging method, spatial distribution datasets with a resolution of 500m X 500m were generated for the entire country, including annual average temperature (Ta), annual average precipitation (Pa), accumulated temperature ≥0℃, accumulated temperature ≥10℃, and the humidity index (IM, calculated using the Thornthwaite method).