The data on regional differentiation of vegetation changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was compiled with the support of the National Science and Technology Pillar Program. It reflects the regional differentiation characteristics of vegetation changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2006, including areas with increasing vegetation indices, stable vegetation indices, and decreasing vegetation indices. This dataset can serve as reference data for research on vegetation changes, ecological vulnerability, and other related studies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.