1. C# tutorial

  • 1.1. C# introduction

    C# is a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft and approved by E...
    2023-10-12 23:00:08 UTC
  • 1.2. C# environment

    In this chapter, we will discuss the tools needed to create C# programming. We have already mentioned that C# is ...
    2023-10-12 23:00:05 UTC
  • 1.3. C# program structure

    Before we learn the basic building blocks of the C# programming language, let’s take a look at the smallest program st...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
  • 1.4. C# basic syntax

    C# is an object-oriented programming language. In the object-oriented programming method, the program consists of a va...
    2023-10-12 23:00:06 UTC
  • 1.5. C# data type

    In C#, variables are divided into the following types: Value type Reference...
    2023-10-12 23:00:08 UTC
  • 1.6. C# type conversion

    Type conversion is fundamentally type casting, or the conversion of data from one type to another. In C#, there are tw...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
  • 1.7. C# variable

    A variable is simply the name of a storage area for the program to operate on. In C#, each variable has a specific typ...
    2023-10-12 23:00:06 UTC
  • 1.8. C# constant

    The constant is a fixed value and does not change during program execution. Constants can be any basic data type, such...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
  • 1.9. C # operator

    An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform a specific mathematical or logical operation. C # has a wea...
    2023-10-12 23:00:06 UTC
  • 1.10. C # judgment

    The judgment structure requires the programmer to specify one or more conditions to be evaluated or tested, as well as...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
  • 1.11. C # if statement

    One if a statement consists of a Boolean expression followed by one or more statements. ...
    2023-12-08 01:10:10 UTC
  • 1.12. C# if...else statement

    One if statement can be followed by an optional else statement ...
    2023-12-08 01:10:11 UTC
  • 1.13. C# nesting if statement

    In C #, nesting if-else statement is legal, which means that you can use a if ...
    2023-10-12 23:00:08 UTC
  • 1.14. C # switch statement

    One switch statement allows you to test when a variable is equal to multiple values. Each va...
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
  • 1.15. C # cycle

    Sometimes, you may need to execute the same piece of code multiple times. Ingeneral, statements are executed sequentia...
    2023-10-12 23:00:06 UTC
  • 1.16. C # while loop

    As long as the given condition is true, the while loop statement repeats a target statement....
    2023-10-12 23:00:07 UTC
Principles, Technologies, and Methods of Geographic Information Systems  102

In recent years, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have undergone rapid development in both theoretical and practical dimensions. GIS has been widely applied for modeling and decision-making support across various fields such as urban management, regional planning, and environmental remediation, establishing geographic information as a vital component of the information era. The introduction of the “Digital Earth” concept has further accelerated the advancement of GIS, which serves as its technical foundation. Concurrently, scholars have been dedicated to theoretical research in areas like spatial cognition, spatial data uncertainty, and the formalization of spatial relationships. This reflects the dual nature of GIS as both an applied technology and an academic discipline, with the two aspects forming a mutually reinforcing cycle of progress.