Spatial modeling and spatial decision support

Guidance: This chapter introduces the “higher level” GIS analysis function, the first section describes how to use basic analysis, such as buffers, overlay analysis, to combine to achieve specific functions.

The following sections describe the spatial decision support systems, expert systems, data warehousing, cellular automata, and spatial positioning and configuration, which are either mature in other areas or emerging areas. With the support of GIS, implementing related functions and applying them to spatial analysis can solve more complex spatial problems.

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In recent years, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have undergone rapid development in both theoretical and practical dimensions. GIS has been widely applied for modeling and decision-making support across various fields such as urban management, regional planning, and environmental remediation, establishing geographic information as a vital component of the information era. The introduction of the “Digital Earth” concept has further accelerated the advancement of GIS, which serves as its technical foundation. Concurrently, scholars have been dedicated to theoretical research in areas like spatial cognition, spatial data uncertainty, and the formalization of spatial relationships. This reflects the dual nature of GIS as both an applied technology and an academic discipline, with the two aspects forming a mutually reinforcing cycle of progress.